To clarify what is actually measured by the trait version of the statetrait anxiety inventory stai. Anxiety scale tas which consisted of 21 truefalse items most of which were rewritten from the taq. The statetrait anxiety inventory stai has been used extensively in. This selfreport measure indicates the intensity of feelings of. The factor structure of the pregnancy anxiety scale. Abstract research suggests that test anxiety is associated with a number of maladaptive factors. Spielberger s theory and measure of state and trait anxiety was examined in detail.
Both the anxiety and the needforinformation scale showed good psychometric properties and were feasible in clinical practice. It was designed to assess levels of state anxiety and traint anxiety, through 40 items scored by a likertscale. Twohundred ventilated patients were recruited from nine icus in the urban midwest. Reliability generalization of scores on the spielberger. The development of the anxiety scale for pregnancy asp was based on his research of state anxiety. A reliability generalization study for spielbergers statetrait anxiety inventory stai was conducted. Pubmed comprises more than 26 million citations for biomedical literature from medline, life science journals, and online books. Read each items below to see if it reflects your experience in test taking. Citations may include links to fulltext content from pubmed central and publisher web sites. Spielberger cd 1972b conceptual and methodological issues in anxiety research from hypno 101 at valley hypnosis center. Anxiety was defined by freud as something felt, an emotional state that included feelings of apprehension, tension, nervousness, and worry accompanied by physiological arousal. The majority of test anxiety research includes the test anxiety inventory tai as a primary. The criticism centers on three aspects of the play. I am looking for a good scale that can be used to measure anxiety in.
Pdf manual for the statetrait anxiety inventory form y1 y2. The association between preoperative parental anxiety and emergence agitation in preschoolers. Higher scores are positively correlated with higher levels of anxiety. Reliability and validity of the spielberger statetrait anxiety inventory stall among. How can i get permission to use the spielberger short stai. The bai was moderately correlated with the revised hamilton anxiety rating scale. Available formats pdf please select a format to send. The relationships among trait anxiety, state anxiety and. However, hamilton did not consider the scale to be in its final state and snaith, et al. The statetrait anxiety inventory stai is a psychological inventory based on a 4point likert scale and consists of 40 questions on a selfreport basis. Performance anxiety questionnaire paq 1993, spielbergers 1980 test anxiety inventory, the achievement anxiety test scale that was modified by sweeny and horan 1982 and by wolfe 1989 from the adaptivemaladaptive anxiety scale aasmas, kenny music performance anxiety inventory kmpai that was constructed to. How can i get permission to use the spielberger short stai scale for research. Reliability and validity of the spielberger statetrait anxiety inventory.
The stai measures two types of anxiety state anxiety, or anxiety about an event, and trait anxiety, or anxiety level as a personal characteristic. Spielberger has defined state anxiety as a temporal crosssection in the emotional streamoflife of a. Spielberger found that in testing situations, the higher anxlety group demonstrated overall poorer performance as izask difficulty increased a later study conducted by spielberger 1979 3 investgated anxiety and overall grade point average. Exploratory factor analysis techniques were used to create a shortened, 6item scale, which accounted for 66. The amsterdam preoperative anxiety and information scale. Spielbergers theory and measure of state and trait anxiety was examined in detail. The development of a sixitem shortform of the state scale of the spielberger statetrait anxiety inventory stai. An internationally acclaimed scholar, he wrote over 460 professional publications. The cutoff score for high anxiety was derived from spielbergers manual which provides normative data for children aged 517 yr. The majority of selfreport scales for anxiety disorders require a second to third grade reading level but take only about 10 to 15 minutes to complete and can be manually scored easily. An instrument development study was conducted to develop a shortened scale from the 20item spielberger state anxiety inventory. According to the literature we found that 1 women have a higher score on the anxiety items. One observer scale for anxiety is the hamilton rating scale for anxiety hamilton, 1959.
State trait anxiety inventory advanced assessments ltd. Test anxiety total tait, test anxiety worry taiw, and test anxiety emotionality taie. Anxiety was determaned using scores on the taylor manifest anxiety scale. The high and low trait anxiety groups were selected by using spielbergers trait anxiety scale, with trait. The complexity of anxiety phenomena, the ambiguity and vagueness in theoretical conceptions of anxiety, the lack of appropriate measuring instruments, and ethical problems associated with inducing anxiety in laboratory settings, all contributed to the paucity of research.
If it does, place a check mark on the line next to the number of the statement. Reed et al 1991 development and validation of the physical appearance state and trait anxiety. Recent developments in anxiety theory, particularly the spielberger traitstate anxiety theory, have a vast potential in improving the research on anxiety of participants in competitive sports and related physical activities. It also is often used in research as an indicator of caregiver distress. Early measures of anxiety such as taylors 1953 manifest anxiety scale tmas characterized anxiety. The statetrait anxiety inventory stai is a commonly used measure of trait and state anxiety spielberger, gorsuch, lushene, vagg. Statetrait anxiety inventory for adults mental health solutions. Staiy sanxiety and tanxiety scales are printed on opposite sides of a singlepage. It is also possible that body image anxiety, as spielberger 1966, 1983 found with generic anxiety, might exist at two levels a state and trait. The percentile results are shown graphically on a following page. Spielberger state trait anxiety inventory stai spielberger 1983 is a selfreported instrument. State anxiety can be defined as a transient momentary emotional status that results from situational. A statetrait anxiety inventory stai form y1 shodhganga.
Development and validation of the physical appearance state and trait anxiety scale pastas. Preoperative anxiety complicates treatment and requires assessment by nurses in children. Test anxietytotal tait, test anxietyworry taiw, and test anxietyemotionality taie. It was designed to assess levels of state anxiety and traint. Current trends in theory and research, volume ii discusses the hostile state of inner turmoil called anxiety. Statetrait anger expression inventory interpretive. Pdf on jan 1, 1983, charles d spielberger and others published manual for the statetrait anxiety inventory form y1 y2 find, read and. The purpose of this pilot study was to test the reliability and validity of the modified short statetrait anxiety inventory stai using a modified talking mats method in. Spielberger statetrait anxiety inventory springerlink. Orthogonal contrasts indicated that group 1 audience poststateanxiety was significantly different from its own prestateanxiety and significantly different from group 2 no audience on poststateanxiety.
A study of the statetrait anxiety inventory and may 1972 the assessment of stress under simulated 6. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. I wish there were some way to succeed without taking tests. This low level of stability for the stateanxiety scale is expected since responses to the items on this scale are thought to reflect the influence of whatever transient situational factors exist at the time of testing. Spielberger cd 1972b conceptual and methodological issues. Differences in perceived stress affect anxiety and coping ability among college students in physical education courses. Development of a shortened state anxiety scale from the. Spielberger developed the stai in the context of his experimental work on the links between anxiety and learning ability, and reflected limitations in existing measures of anxiety for use in such research 2. According to spielberger 1980, test anxiety inventory is especially designed to measure the test anxiety of high school and college students. A test anxiety inventory college success 1 home page. He was past president of the american psychological association and an emeritus member of the psychology department at the university of south florida. State trait anxiety inventory stai measures how the subject feels right now on 40 items with answer choices of 1 not at all almost never, 2 somewhatsometimes, 3 moderately so often, and 4 very much so almost always the behavior observation scale plataniasolazzo et al 1992 was completed radial pulse rates were taken for 30 seconds prior to and after the. Spielberger statetrait anxiety inventory stai spielberger 1983 is a selfreported instrument.
Stai spielberger state trait anxiety inventory free download as pdf file. The staistate anxiety scale assesses how an individual feels at the present time, whereas the staitrait anxiety scale evaluates a persons general state of calmness. In this theory, two different anxiety constructs are defined as state anxiety and trait anxiety. Assessing childrens anxiety using the modified short. In the creation of the statetrait anxiety inventory stai, charles spielberger and his coauthors conceptualized state anxiety as aversive, conscious feelings of nervousness, tension, apprehension, and worry experienced in the immediate moment which are associated with arousal of the autonomic nervous system spielberger et al. The statetrait anxiety inventory stai american psychological. The main aim was to develop a scale that could distinguish between state anxiety and trait anxiety. Subjects completed the statetrait anxiety inventory prior to and after the treatments. Children, with or without disability, are helped when pictures are used to support communication. Spielberger was a usf distinguished research professor, the highest academic honor bestowed by the university. The experimental approaches to test anxiety and interventions in relation to. Part iv discusses the theoretical approach concerning emotion, nature of anxiety, and distinctions between anxiety and other fearrelated emotions. A study of the statetrait anxiety inventory and the. Not at all mildly, but it didnt bother me much moderately it wasnt pleasant at times severely it bothered me a lot all questions 0 1 2 3.